<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Детская хирургия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9510</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0677</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">252</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18821/1560-9510-2020-24-5-331-339</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT OF OBSTRUCTIONS OF THE PYELOURETERAL SEGMENT IN NEONATES AND INFANTS. STATE OF THE ART</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>МИНИМАЛЬНО ИНВАЗИВНОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОБСТРУКЦИИ ПИЕЛОУРЕТЕРАЛЬНОГО СЕГМЕНТА У НОВОРОЖДЁННЫХ И МЛАДЕНЦЕВ. СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yuriherz@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rasputin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Распутин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalkov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковальков</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baradieva</surname><given-names>P. Zh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барадиева</surname><given-names>П. Ж.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ochirov</surname><given-names>Ch. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Очиров</surname><given-names>Ч. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poloyan</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полоян</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapuller</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капуллер</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kagantsov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каганцов</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minevich</surname><given-names>E. ..</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миневич</surname><given-names>Е. ..</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk Municipal Pediatric Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ОГАУЗ «Городская Ивано-Матренинская детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Continuing Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">«Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования - филиал ФГБОУ ДПО РМА НПО Минздрава России»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical University Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Иркутский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kemerovo Clinical Pediatric Hospital No 5</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ КО «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Maternal and Child Welfare</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">КГБУЗ «Красноярский краевой клинический центр охраны материнства и детства»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Hadassah University Medical Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университетский медицинский центр, Еврейский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «СГУ им. Питирима Сорокина»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Отделение детской урологии, Детский госпиталь Цинцинати</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-10-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>331</fpage><lpage>339</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-03-05"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/252">https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/252</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The obstruction of pyeloureteral junction is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in neonates and infants. Indications for surgical treatment include: decrease in differentiated renal function less than 40%, continued decrease in differentiated renal function for more than 10% in subsequent examinations, poor excretory function at diuretic renography (T ½ more than 20 min), increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvis over 20 mm or dilatation of degrees III and IV by the classification of the Society of Fetal Urology (SFU). Material and methods. Treatment options for this condition include a wide range of approaches - from active observation to minimally invasive methods, including laparoscopic or robotic pyeloplasty. The main goal of treatment is to alleviate symptoms as well as to improve and / or to maintain renal function. The most common technique for removing obstruction of the pyeloureteral junction is dismembered pyeloplasty which is also called Anderson-Hynes operation. The Anderson-Hynes laparoscopic pyeloplasty is not widely spread what reflects the complex nature of this surgery in newborns and infants. A surgical access aiming to provide a minimally invasive correction of the obstruction in the pelvic-ureteric junction can be achieved equally by laparoscopic pyeloplasty, retroperitoneoscopicpyeloplasty and robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Results. Currently, there is a limited number of reports on the application of laparoscopic techniques for treating pyeloureteral segment obstructions in newborns and infants. The reasonability of such an approach in children under one year of age remains a matter of debate. It has been found out that postoperative results after laparoscopy are similar to those after a conventional open intervention. Conclusion. This literature review demonstrates that a surgeon - before performing reconstructive operations on infant’s kidneys must have a good experience in many other advanced laparoscopic procedures with endosurgical suturing . Laparoscopy offers many more benefits than simply reducing the patient’s hospital stay or less drug use. The magnification inherent to high-definition (HD) or ultra-high-resolution television (UHD or 4K) technology makes these surgical interventions more accurate due to better visualization of such microobjects and their layers at the baby’s ureter, which has a diameter slightly exceeding 2 mm. Another advantage of laparoscopy lies in more adequate assessment of the situation in case of hydronephrosis than that in the open surgery.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Обструкция лоханочно-мочеточникового перехода является наиболее частой причиной гидронефроза у новорожденных и младенцев. Показания к хирургическому лечению включают: снижение дифференцированной почечной функции на 40% и менее продолжающееся снижение дифференцированной почечной функции на 10% и более при последующих исследованиях, плохую выделительную функцию при выполнении диуретической ренографии (Т ½ более 20 мин), увеличение переднезаднего диаметра лоханки на более чем 20 мм или дилатацию III и IV степени по классификации Общества фетальной урологии (SFU). Материал и методы. Варианты лечения этого состояния включают широкий спектр подходов -- от активного наблюдения до минимально инвазивных методов, включающих лапароскопическую или роботизированную пиелопластику. Основной целью терапии является облегчение симптомов, а также улучшение и (или) поддержание почечной функции. Наиболее распространенным методом устранения обструкции пиелоуретерального сегмента является расчлененная пиелопластика, которая также называется операцией Anderson-Hynes. Лапароскопическая пиелопластика Anderson-Hynes имеет ограниченное распространение и отражает сложный характер этой операции у новорожденных и младенцев. Хирургический доступ, предназначенный для минимально инвазивной коррекции обструкции пиелоуретерального сегмента, может быть реализован в равной степени с помощью лапароскопической пиелопластики, ретроперитонеоскопической пиелопластики и робот-ассистированной лапароскопической пиелопластики. Результаты. На сегодняшний день существует ограниченное количество сообщений об использовании лапароскопических методов лечения обструкции пиелоуретерального сегмента у новорожденных и младенцев. Целесообразность такого подхода у детей младше 1 года остается предметом споров. Было установлено, что послеоперационные результаты лапароскопии схожи с исходами после обычных открытых процедур. Заключение. Настоящий обзор литературы показал, что перед тем как выполнять реконструктивные операции на почках у младенцев хирург должен обладать опытом выполнения многих других передовых лапароскопических процедур, сопровождающихся наложением эндохирургических швов. Лапароскопия предлагает много больше преимуществ, чем просто сокращение пребывания пациента в больнице или меньшее использование наркотических средств. Увеличение, обеспечиваемое технологией телевидения высокого (HD) или ультравысокого разрешения (UHD или 4К), делает эти операции более точными, благодаря лучшей визуализации таких микрообьектов и их слоев, как мочеточник младенца, который имеет диаметр слегка превосходящий 2 мм. Другое преимущество лапароскопии состоит в том, что она позволяет наиболее адекватно выполнить оценку ситуации в случае с гидронефрозом, чем при использовании открытой хирургии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hydronephrosis</kwd><kwd>laparoscopy</kwd><kwd>newborns</kwd><kwd>infants</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гидронефроз</kwd><kwd>лапароскопия</kwd><kwd>новорожденные</kwd><kwd>младенцы</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Krajewski W., Wojciechowska J., Dembowski J., Zdrojowy R., Szydełko T. Hydronephrosis in the course of ureteropelvic junction obstruction: An underestimated problem? Current opinions on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2017;26:857-64.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Fernbach S.K., Maizels M., Conway J.J. Ultrasound grading of hydronephrosis: introduction to the system used by the Society for Fetal Urology. Pediatr Radiol. 1993;23:478-80.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Klahr S, Morrissey J. Obstructive nephropathy and renal fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2002;283:F861-75.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Szydelko T, Tuchendler T, Litarski A, Urbanczyk G, Apoznanski W, Janczak D. Laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes procedure as a treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction caused by fibroepithelial polyp. Wideochir Inne Tech Malo Inwazyjne. 2013;8:361-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Pan P, Sachdeva N. Immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis of pelviureteric junction complexes in children with hydronephrosis. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2019;62:49-53.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Gee F.W., Kiviat M.D. Ureteral response to partial obstruction - Smooth muscle hyperplasia and connective tissue proliferation. Invest Urol. 1975; 12: 309.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Starr N.T., Maizels M., Chou P., Brannigan R., Shapiro E. Microanatomy and morphometry of the hydronephrotic “obstructed” renal pelvis in asymptomatic infants. J Urol. 1992;148:519-24.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Cheng E.Y., Maizels M. Chou P., Hartanto V., Shapiro E. Response of the newborn ureteropelvic junction complex to induced and later reversed partial ureteral obstruction in the rabbit model. J Urol. 1993;150:782-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Knerr I., Dittrich K., Miller J., et al. Alteration of neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase and neuropeptide Y in congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Urol Res. 2001;29:134-40.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Subramaniam R., Lama T., Chong C.Y. Pelviureteric junction obstruction as sequelae of Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Surg Int. 2004;20: 553-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Mitterberger M., Pinggera G.M., Neururer R., et al. Comparison of contrast-enhanced color Doppler imaging (CDI), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of crossing vessels in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Eur Urol. 2008;53:1254-60.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Garcia-Peña B.M., Keller M.S., Schwartz D.S., Korsvik H.E., Weiss R.M. The ultrasonographic differentiation of obstructive versus nonobstructive hydronephrosis in children: a multivariate scoring system. J Urol. 1997;158:560-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Ramaswamy K., Marien T., Mass A., Stifelman M., Shah O. Simplified approach to estimating renal function based on computerized tomography. Can J Urol. 2013;20:6833-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>O’Reilly P., Aurell M., Britton K., Kletter K., Rosenthal L., Testa T. Consensus on diuresis renography for investigating the dilated upper urinary tract. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1872-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Conway J.J., Maizels M. The «well tempered» diuretic renogram: a standard method to examine the asymptomatic neonate with hydronephrosis or hydroureteronephrosis. A report from combined meetings of The Society for Fetal Urology and members of The Pediatric Nuclear Medicine Council-The Society of Nuclear Medicine. J Nucl Med. 1992;33:2047-51.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Lam W., Fernando A., Issa R., et al. Is routine postoperative diuresis renography indicated in all adult patients after pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction? Urology. 2015;85(1):246-51.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Erol İ., Karamık K., İslamoğlu M., Ateş M., Savaş M. Outcomes of infants undergoing laparoscopic pyeloplasty: A single-center experience. Urologia. 2019;86:27-31.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Almodhen F., Jednak R., Capolicchio J.P., Eassa W., Brzezinski A., El-Sherbiny M. Is routine renography required after pyeloplasty? J Urol. 2010; 184: 1128e31.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Cost N.G., Prieto J.C., Wilcox D.T. Screening ultrasound in follow up after pediatric pyeloplasty. Urology. 2010; 76: 175e80.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Johnston R.B., Porter C. The Whitaker test. Urology journal. 2014; 11:1727-30.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Shokeir A.A. Role of urinary biomarkers in the diagnosis of congenital upper urinary tract obstruction. Indian J Urol. 2008;24:313-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>https://uroweb.org/guideline/paediatric-urology/#30</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>https://www.ooorou.ru/public/uploads/ROU/Files/КР19%20Гидронефроз.pdf</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Chandrasekharam V. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty in infants: single-surgeon experience. J Pediatr Urol. 2015: 11: 272.e1-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Gatti J.M., Amstutz S.P., Bowlin P.R., Stephany H.A., Murphy J.P. Laparoscopic vs. open pyeloplasty in children: results of a randomized, prospective, controlled trial. J Urol. 2017;197:792-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Simforoosh N., Abedi A., Sharifi S., Zamany P., Rezaeetalab G., Obayd K,, Soltani M., Comparison of surgical outcomes and cosmetic results between standard and mini laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children younger than 1 year of age. J Pediatr Urol. 2014;10:819-23.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Rathod K.J., Samujh R., Agarwal S., Kanojia R.P., Sharma U., Prasad R. Hydronephrosis due to pelviureteric junction narrowing: Utility of urinary enzymes to predict the need for surgical management and follow-up. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. 2012;17:1-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Ramsay J.W., Miller R.A., Kellett M.J., Blackford H.N., Wickham J.E., Whitfield H.N. Percutaneous pyelolysis: indications, complications and results. Br J Urol. 1984 Dec;56(6):586-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Manikandan R., Saad A., Bhatt R.I., Neilson D. Minimally invasive surgery for pelviureteral junction obstruction in adults: A critical review of the options. Urology. 2005;65:422-432</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Biyani C.S., Minhas S., el Cast J., Almond D.J., Cooksey G., Hetherington J.W. The role of Acucise endopyelotomy in the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Eur Urol. 2002; 41:305-10; discussion 310-01.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Зоркин С.Н., Губарев В.И., Сальников В.Ю., Филинов И.В., Петров Е,И., Маликов Ш.Г., Пономарчук И.Н. Эндоскопическая баллонная дилатация высокого давления как метод лечения обструкции лоханочно-мочеточникового сегмента у детей. Вестник урологии. 2017; 2: 5-11</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Parente A., Angulo L., Romero R., Rivas S., Burgos L., Tardaguila A. Management of ureteropelvic junction obstruction with high-pressure balloon dilatation: long-term outcome in 50 children under 18 months of age. Urology. 2013;82:1138-43.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Xu N., Chen S., Xue X., Zheng Q., Wei Y., Jiang T., Li X., Huang J., Cai H. Comparison of Retrograde Balloon Dilatation and Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty for Treatment of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: Results of a 2-Year Follow-Up. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0152463.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Anderson J.C., Hynes W. Retrocaval ureter; a case diagnosed pre-operatively and treated successfully by a plastic operation. Br J Urol. 1949; 21: 209-14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Szydelko T., Kasprzak J., Lewandowski J., Apoznanski W., Dembowski J. Dismembered laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty versus nondismembered laparoscopic Y-V pyeloplasty in the treatment of patients with primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction: A prospective study. Journal of Endourology/Endourological Society. 2012;26:1165-70.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Polok M., Chrzan R., Veenboer P., et al. Nondismembered pyeloplasty in a pediatric population: Results of 34 open and laparoscopic procedures. Urology. 2011;78:891-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Szavay P.O., Luithle T., Seitz G., Warmann S.W., Haber P., Fuchs J. Functional outcome after laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty in children. J Pediatr Urol. 2010;6:359e63.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Коварский С.Г., Захаров А.И., Соттаева З.З., Текотова А.Н., Склярова Т.А., Агеева Н.А., Галибин И.Е., Струянский К.А, Смолянкин А.А. Вазопексия при гидронефрозе у детей. Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии. 2016; 4: 175-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Schuessler W.W., Grune M.T., Tecuanhuey L.V., Preminger G.M. Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty. J Urol. 1993;150:1795-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Kavoussi L.R., Peters C.A. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty. J Urol. 1993; 150: 1891-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Peters C.A., Schlussel R.N., Retik A.B. Pediatric laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty. J Urol. 1995; 153: 1962-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Shoma A.M., El Nahas A.R., Bazeed M.A. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty: A prospective randomized comparison between the transperitoneal approach and retroperitoneoscopy. J Urol. 2007;178:2020- 4; discussion 2024.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Каганцов И.М., Минин А.Е., Санников И.А. Лапароскопическая пиелопластика - современный стандарт лечения врожденного гидрофнероза у детей. Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии. 2012; 2: 15-20</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Metzelder M.L., Schier F., Petersen C., Truss M., Ure B.M. Laparoscopic transabdominal pyeloplasty in children is feasible irrespective of age. J Urol. (2006) 175:688-91.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Giri S.K., Murphy D., Costello A.J., Moon D.A. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty outcomes of elderly patients. J Endourol. 2011;25:251-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Бондаренко С.Г., Абрамов Г.Г. Лапароскопическая пиелопластика у детей грудного возраста. Детская хирургия. 2013; 6: 7-10</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Lallas C.D., Pak R.W., Pagnani C., et al. The minimally invasive management of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in horseshoe kidneys. World J Urol. 2011;29:91-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Autorino R., Eden C., El-Ghoneimi A., et al. Robot-assisted and laparoscopic repair of ureteropelvic junction obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2014;65:430-52.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Врублевский С.Г., Шмыров О.С., Врублевская Е.Н., Лазишвили М.Н., Кулаев А.В., Корочкин М.В., Врублевский А.С. Лапароскопическая пиелопластика у детей: техника, дренирование, осложнения. Детская хирургия. 2017; 21: 299-302</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang X., Li H.Z., Ma X., et al. Retrospective comparison of retroperitoneal laparoscopic versus open dismembered pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction. J Urol. 2006;176:1077-80.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Mei H., Pu J., Yang C., Zhang H., Zheng L., Tong Q. Laparoscopic versus open pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endourol. 2011;25:727-36.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Menon P., Rao K.L., Bhattacharya A., et al. Outcome analysis of pediatric pyeloplasty in units with less than 20% differential renal function. J Pediatr Urol. 2016; 12: 171.e1-171.e7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Tan H.L., Roberts J.P. Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty in children: preliminary results. Br J Urol. 1996;77:909.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Schier F.: Laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty in children. Pediatr Surg Int, 13: 497, 1998</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Tan H.L. Laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty in children. J Urol. 1999; 162: 1045e7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Yeung C.K., Tam Y.H., Sihoe J.D., Lee K.H., Liu K.W. Retroperitoneoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty for pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction in infants and children. BJU Int. 2001;87:509-13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>El-Ghoneimi A., Farhat W., Bolduc S., Bagli D., McLorie G., Aigrain Y., et al. Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty by a retroperitoneal approach in children. BJU Int. 2003;92:104-8; discussion 108.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Casale P., Grady R.W., Joyner B.D., Zeltser I.S., Figueroa T.E. and Mitchell M.E.: Comparison of dismembered and nondismembered laparoscopic pyeloplasty in the pediatric patient. J Endourol. 2004;18: 875.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Bonnard A., Fouquet V., Carricaburu E., Aigrain Y., El-Ghoneimi A. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic versus open pyeloplasty in children. J Urol. 2005;173:1710e3. Discussion 1713.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Piaggio L.A., Franc-Gumond J., Noh P.H., Wehry M., Figueroa T.E., Barthold J., Gonzales R. Transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty for primary repair of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in infants and children: comparison with open surgery. J. 2007;178:1579- 83.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Penn H.A., Gatti J.M., Hoestje S.M., DeMarco R.T., Snyder C.L., Murphy J.P. Laparoscopic versus open pyeloplasty in children: preliminary report of a prospective randomized trial. J Urol.2010; 184: 690e5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>Cascio S., Tien A., Chee W., Tan H.L. Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty in children younger than 2 years. J Urol. 2007;177:335-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Ciftci H., Akın Y., Savaş M., et al. Functional results of laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children: single institute experience in long term. Urol Int. 2016; 97 (2): 148-52.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Kovarsky S.L., Vrublevsky S.G., al-Mashat N.A., Zakharov A.I., Shmyrov O.S. the First experience of laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children with hydronephrosis. Rossiyskiy vestnik detskoy khirurgii, anesteziologoo I reanimatologii. 2011; 2:102-6. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>Laydner H.K., Pedrosa J.A., Khanna R., Isac W., Stein R.J. LESS pyeloplasty and other reconstructive procedures. Arch Esp. 2012;65:329e35.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B66"><label>66.</label><mixed-citation>Liu D., Zhou H., Ma L., Xie H., Tao T., Cao H., et al. Transumbilical multi-port laparoscopic pyeloplasty versus transumbilical single-site laparoscopic pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children: a retrospectively comparative study. J Pediatr Urol. 2017;13:618.e1-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B67"><label>67.</label><mixed-citation>Uberoi J., Disick G.I., Munver R. Minimally invasive surgical management of pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction: Update on the current status of robotic-assisted pyeloplasty. BJU Int. 2009;104: 1722-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B68"><label>68.</label><mixed-citation>Yu H.Y., Hevelone N.D., Lipsitz S.R., Kowalczyk K.J., Hu J.C. Use, costs and comparative effectiveness of robotic assisted, laparoscopic and open urological surgery. J Urol. 2012;187:1392e8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B69"><label>69.</label><mixed-citation>Lucas S.M., Sundaram C.P., Wolf Jr. J.S., Leveillee R.J., Bird V.G., Aziz M., et al. Factors that impact the outcome of minimally invasive pyeloplasty: results of the multi-institutional laparoscopic and robotic pyeloplasty collaborative group. J Urol. 2012;187:522e7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B70"><label>70.</label><mixed-citation>Chang S.J., Hsu C.K., Hsieh C.H., Yang S.S. Comparing the efficacy and safety between robotic-assisted versus open pyeloplasty in children: A systemic review and meta-analysis. World J Urol. 2015; 33(11): 1855-65.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B71"><label>71.</label><mixed-citation>Neheman A., Kord E., Zisman A., et al. Comparison of robotic pyeloplasty and standard laparoscopic pyeloplasty in infants: a bi-institutional study. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2018; 28 (4): 467-70.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B72"><label>72.</label><mixed-citation>Avery D.I., Herbst K.W., Lendvay T.S., Noh P.H., Dangle P., Gundeti M.S., et al. Robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty: Multi-institutional experience in infants. J Pediatr Urol. 2015; 11: 139, e1-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B73"><label>73.</label><mixed-citation>Sutherland R.W., Chung S.K., Roth D.R., Gonzales E.T. Pediatric pyeloplasty: outcome analysis based on patient age and surgical technique. Urology. 1997; 50: 963e6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B74"><label>74.</label><mixed-citation>Capello S.A., Kogan B.A., Giorgi L.A., Kaufman R.P. Prenatal ultrasound has led to earlier detection and repair of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. J Urol. 2005; 174: 1425e8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B75"><label>75.</label><mixed-citation>Lindgren B.W., Hagerty J., Meyer T., Cheng E.Y. Robot-assisted laparoscopic reoperative repair for failed pyeloplasty in children: a safe and highly effective treatment option. J Urol. 2012;188:932e7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B76"><label>76.</label><mixed-citation>Tsai Y.C., Lin V.C., Chung S.D., Ho C.H., Jaw F.S., Tai H.C. Ergonomic and geometric tricks of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) by using conventional laparoscopic instruments. Surg Endosc. 2012; 26: 2671e7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B77"><label>77.</label><mixed-citation>Pini G., Porpiglia F., Micali S., Rassweiler J. Minilaparoscopy, needlescopy and microlaparoscopy: decreasing invasiveness, maintaining the standard laparoscopic approach. Arch Esp Uro.l 2012;65:366e83..</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B78"><label>78.</label><mixed-citation>Kutikov A., Resnick M., Casale P. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty in the infant younger than 6 months is it technically possible? J Urol. 2006; 175: 1477e9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B79"><label>79.</label><mixed-citation>Fuchs J., Luithle T., Warmann S.W., Haber P., Blumenstock G., Szavay P. Laparoscopic surgery on upper urinary tract in children younger than 1 year: technical aspects and functional outcome. J Urol. 2009; 182: 1561e8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B80"><label>80.</label><mixed-citation>Neheman A., Noh P.H., Piaggio L., Gonzalez R. The role of laparoscopic surgery for urinary tract reconstruction in infants weighing less than 10 kg: a comparison with open surgery. J.Pediatr Urol. 2008; 4: 192e6.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
