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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Детская хирургия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9510</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0677</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">281</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18821/1560-9510-2021-25-2-109-115</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Atresia of the antral and pyloric parts of the stomach</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Атрезия антрального и пилорического отделов желудка</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5690-790X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rasputin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Распутин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk, 664009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664009, г. Иркутск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-897X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Dr.Sc.(med), head of newborn department; professor</p><p>Irkutsk, 664009</p><p>Irkutsk, 664003</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор мед. наук, заведующий отделением хирургии новорождённых; профессор кафедры детской хирургии; профессор кафедры</p><p>664049, г. Иркутск</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск</p></bio><email>yuriherz@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6126-4198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koval'kov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковальков</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>650056, г. Кемерово</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-6646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poloyan</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полоян</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoyarsk, 660074</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>660074, г. Красноярск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5463-6763</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baradieva</surname><given-names>P. Zh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барадиева</surname><given-names>П. Ж.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk, 664009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664009, г. Иркутск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7167-2520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvonkov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Звонков</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk, 664003</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664003, г. Иркутск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6045-1087</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ochirov</surname><given-names>Ch. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Очиров</surname><given-names>Ч. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk, 664009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>664009, г. Иркутск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-4054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheremnov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черемнов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk, 664009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 664009, г. Иркутск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Municipal Ivano-Matreninsky Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ОГАУЗ «Городская Ивано-Матренинская детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Municipal Ivano-Matreninsky Children’s Clinical Hospita</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ОГАУЗ «Городская Ивано-Матренинская детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Continuing Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Иркутский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuzbass Regional Children's Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ «Кузбасская областная детская клиническая больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Maternity and Childhood Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">КГБУЗ «Красноярский краевой клинический центр охраны материнства и детства»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-05-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-05-13"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-05-13"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2022-05-13"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/281">https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/281</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Congenital obstruction of the gastric outlet is one of the rarest surgical diseases in newborns. Its incidence ranges from 0.003% to 1% of all cases of gastrointestinal atresias. This congenital malformation has several anatomical forms and divides into antral and pyloric atresias.<bold>Etiology.</bold> There is no any unified opinion as to the origin of atresia in the gastric outlet. Several concepts are known to suggest possible causes of the impaired patency of gastric outlet. Among them, there are genetic factors, intrauterine mesenteric ischemia, epidermolysis bullosa.<bold>Material and methods.</bold> The analysis of 55 literary sources is carried out.<bold>Results.</bold> The most common systematization of various forms of antral and pyloric atresia divides them into membranous forms (type I), solid forms without diastasis (type II) and forms with diastasis between segments (type III). Gastric outlet atresia can be diagnosed before birth if polyhydramnios and stomach dilatation are revealed at examination. The main diagnostic sign of the abnormality after birth is the radiographic symptom of “a single bubble”. The technique for patency restoration of the stomach distal parts is chosen depending on the anatomical type of obstruction: for pyloric and antral type I atresia, it is recommended to perform membranectomy and pyloroplasty by Heineke–Mikulicz technique; in pyloric atresia of type II and III, gastroduodenal anastomosis is put. Recently, new alternative techniques for restoring the patency of gastric outlet lumen have appeared, namely, laparoscopy and intraluminal endoscopy. <bold>Conclusion.</bold> Thus, atresia of the gastric antrum and pylorus are fairly rare congenital diseases. Surgical strategies for correcting these abnormalities envisage membranectomy or gastroduodenoanastomosis. A perspective direction in the care of elective cases of congenital gastric outlet obstruction is intraluminal endoscopy and laparoscopy</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Врождённая непроходимость выходного отдела желудка относится к наиболее редким хирургическим заболеваниям у новорождённых. Частота встречаемости этой аномалии составляет от 0,003% до 1% всех случаев атрезий желудочно-кишечного тракта. Этот врождённый порок развития включает несколько анатомических форм и подразделяется на антральную и пилорическую атрезию.<bold>Этиология.</bold> Единого взгляда на происхождение атрезии выходного отдела желудка не существует. Известно несколько концепций, раскрывающих возможные причины нарушения проходимости выходного отдела желудка. В числе возможных источников рассматриваются генетические факторы, внутриутробная мезентериальная ишемия, буллезный эпидермолиз. Материал и методы. Проведён анализ 55 литературных источников.<bold>Результаты.</bold> Наиболее часто систематизация различных форм антральной и пилорической атрезии предусматривает деление их на мембранозные формы (тип I), солидные формы без диастаза (тип II) и формы, сопровождающиеся диастазом между сегментами (тип III). Диагноз атрезии выходного отдела желудка можно установить до рождения на основании обнаружения полигидрамниона и расширения желудка. Основным диагностическим признаком аномалии после рождения является рентгенологический симптом «одиночного пузыря». Выбор метода восстановления проходимости дистальных отделов желудка зависит от анатомического типа препятствия в желудке: при пилорической и антральной атрезиях I типа рекомендуется выполнять мебранэктомию и пилоропластику по Heineke–Mikulicz. Наличие II и III типов пилорической атрезии подразумевает использование гастродуоденального анастомоза. В настоящее время появились альтернативные методы восстановления просвета выходного отдела желудка, основанные на использовании лапароскопии и внутрипросветной эндоскопии.<bold>Заключение. </bold>Таким образом, атрезия антрального и пилорического отделов желудка – достаточно редкие врождённые заболевания. Хирургические стратегии для коррекции этих аномалий заключаются в выполнении мембранэктомии или наложении гастродуоденоанастомоза. Перспективным направлением в лечении элективных случаев врождённой обструкции выходного отдела желудка является использование внутрипросветной эндоскопии и лапароскопии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antral atresia</kwd><kwd>pyloric atresia</kwd><kwd>newborns</kwd><kwd>laparoscopy</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антральная атрезия</kwd><kwd>пилорическая атрезия</kwd><kwd>атрезия привратника</kwd><kwd>лапароскопия</kwd><kwd>новорождённые</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Cook R.C.M., Rickham P.P. Gastric Outlet Obstruction in Neonatal Surgery (ed2). London, England, Butterworths, 1978, pp 335-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Touroff A.S.W., Sussman R.M. Congenital Prepyloric Membranous Obstruction in Premature Infant. 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