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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Детская хирургия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9510</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0677</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">407</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55308/1560-9510-2021-25-6-375-381</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Experimental studies on risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изучение факторов риска развития некротизирующего энтероколита в эксперименте</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8028-8945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zebrova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеброва</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Tatiana A. Zebrova</bold>, assistant of the chair of pediatric surgery</p><p><italic>443099, Samara</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Зеброва Татьяна Анатольевна</bold>, ассистент кафедры детской хирургии</p><p><italic>443099, Самара</italic></p></bio><email>zebryonok5292@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-7267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barskaya</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барская</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>443099, Samara</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>443099, Самара</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-4013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozin</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козин</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>443099, Samara</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>443099, Самара</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8433-9068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poletayeva</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полетаева</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>443099, Samara</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>443099, Самара</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-1895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyamin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лямин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>443099, Samara</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>443099, Самара</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8400-7151</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustinova</surname><given-names>T. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устинова</surname><given-names>Т. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>443099, Samara</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>443099, Самара</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>375</fpage><lpage>381</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2022-12-30"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/407">https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/407</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most life-threatening conditions in the neonatal period. This disease is considered to be polyethiological one; however, the pattern of NEC pathogenesis is not clear yet. The aim of the present research is to study in details NEC risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms in experiment.<bold>Material and methods</bold>. NEC was induced in 28 rat pups (breed: Wistar). Newborn animals (21-day gestation age) were labored from three female rats aged 9-12 months. In the research, the experimental animals were induced: hypoxia, inadequate formula feeding and bacterial contamination. The observation period lasted for 96 hours; the obtained results were assessed by the following criteria: clinical symptoms, mortality, intraoperative findings, histological findings and microbiological spectrum.<bold>Results</bold>. NEC clinical signs were seen both in subgroup 1A (animals had hypoxia and inadequate formula feeding) and in subgroup 1B (additionally, animals had microbial contamination). Clinical and morphological findings were more pronounced in subgroup 1B. Mortality in subgroup 1B was 50%. The histological picture in subgroup 1A corresponded to that of NEC stage 1A-2A and in subgroup 1B – to NEC stage 2B–3B (by Walsh and Kliegmann). In subgroup 1B, there was a massive intestinal colonization in the intestinal lumen.<bold>Conclusion</bold>. Hypoxia and inadequate formula feeding are, as such, risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis. Additionally, bacterial aggression significantly worsens the course of necrotizing enterocolitis and its prognosis. However, the lack of bacterial component does not rule out NEC onset in newborns.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Некротизирующий энтероколит (НЭК) является одним из наиболее серьёзных жизнеугрожающих состояний в периоде новорождённости. Считается, что данное заболевание является полиэтиологичным, однако схема патогенеза развития НЭК до сих пор остаётся не до конца ясной.<bold>Цель исследования</bold> – детальное изучение факторов риска и патогенетических механизмов развития некротизирующего энтероколита в эксперименте.<bold>Материал и методы</bold>. В ходе исследования моделировался НЭК у 28 новорождённых крыс породы Wistar. Новорождённые животные (срок родоразрешения – 21 сут) получены от трех самок возрастом 9–12 мес. В ходе исследования моделировались следующие факторы: гипоксия, неадекватный характер питания и микробная контаминация. Срок наблюдения составил 96 ч, оценка результатов проводилась по следующим параметрам: клинические проявления, летальность, интраоперационная картина, гистологическое заключение, микробиологический спектр.<bold>Результаты</bold>. Клинические признаки НЭК развивались как в подгруппе 1А, находящейся под воздействием гипоксии и неадекватного характера питания, так и в подгруппе 1В, получавшей дополнительное воздействие микробного фактора. Клинические и морфологические проявления были значительно более выражены в подгруппе 1В. Летальность в подгруппе 1В составила 50%. Гистологическая картина в подгруппе 1А соответствовала 1А – 2А-стадии, а в подгруппе 1В – 2B – 3B-стадии НЭК (по Walsh и Kliegmann). В подгруппе 1В отмечался массивный колониальный рост в просвете кишки.<bold>Заключение</bold>. Гипоксия и неадекватный характер питания сами по себе являются факторами риска развития некротизирующего энтероколита. Наличие и микробной агрессии значительно усугубляет течение некротизирующего энтероколита и ухудшает прогноз. Отсутствие микробного компонента не исключает возможности развития некротизирующего энтероколита у новорождённого.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>necrotizing enterocolitis</kwd><kwd>animal model</kwd><kwd>neonatal</kwd><kwd>premature infant</kwd><kwd>bacteria</kwd><kwd>hypoxia</kwd><kwd>intestine</kwd><kwd>infant feeding formula</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>некротизирующий энтероколит</kwd><kwd>животная модель</kwd><kwd>новорождённый</kwd><kwd>недоношенный новорождённый</kwd><kwd>бактериальный рост</kwd><kwd>гипоксия</kwd><kwd>кишечник</kwd><kwd>искусственное вскармливание</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Uauy R.D., Fanaroff A.A., Korones S.B., Elizabeth A., Philips J.B., Wright L.L. Necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weightinfants: Biodemographic and clinical correlates. 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