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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Детская хирургия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9510</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0677</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">701</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ps701</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Examination of testicular veins in children with varicocele</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследования тестикулярных вен при варикоцеле у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2966-2887</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9411-6025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>Svetlana Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>Светлана Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assoc. Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц.</p></bio><email>urokom@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9050-3629</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7466-8731</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsap</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цап</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф.</p></bio><email>tsapna-ekat@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-9906</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8877-4258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pichugova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пичугова</surname><given-names>Светлана Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>ekb-lem@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская городская клиническая больница № 9</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская городская клиническая больница №9</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Diagnostic Center after Ya.B. Beikin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клинико-диагностический центр им. Я.Б. Бейкина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-10-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>472</fpage><lpage>481</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-24"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-09-24"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Komarova S.Y., Tsap N.A., Pichugova S.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Комарова С.Ю., Цап Н.А., Пичугова С.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komarova S.Y., Tsap N.A., Pichugova S.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комарова С.Ю., Цап Н.А., Пичугова С.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-11-11"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/701">https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/701</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Diagnostics and management of varicocele in children, adolescents and males are issues of annual discussions in the professional community, yet the debates still continue. Pathophysiological changes in the testicular veins in children with varicocele are dubious and require further in-depth fundamental researches.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To study the difference in ultrastructural organization of testicular veins in boys with varicocele depending on the malformation degree.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> In the present study, the authors examined the ultrastructure of 58 bioptats taken from spermatic veins during surgeries in adolescent boys aged 11–17 with varicocele of degree II and III.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> A comparative analysis of ultrastructural changes in the spermatic veins revealed that signs of endotheliocyte destruction of varying degree are met in 86% of biopsy samples in Group I and in 100% in Group II. Electron microscopy allowed to examine the muscular component of testicular veins in varicocele, as well as to examine the structure of connective tissue component in the venous wall, basing on an anatomical-functional paradigm of the connective tissue as the main "building brick" of organ and system structures.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Ultrastructural changes in the testicular vein wall were revealed in children with varicocele, what indicates the presence of congenital malformation in this wall and of accompanied endothelial dysfunction. Foldings of the vascular wall with hollows and pockets, connective tissue loosening and separation of fibers, endothelium destruction and detachment were equally met in boys and adolescents with varicocele of degree II and III.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Вопросы диагностики и лечения варикоцеле у детей, подростков и мужчин обсуждаются в профессиональном сообществе ежегодно, но острота дискуссий сохраняется. Причинно-следственные патологические изменения тестикулярных вен при варикоцеле у детей неоднозначны, что диктует проведение более глубоких фундаментальных исследований.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Изучить различия в ультраструктурном строении тестикулярных вен у мальчиков с варикоцеле в зависимости от степени мальформации.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> В данном исследовании проведено изучение ультраструктуры 58 биоптатов семенных вен при варикоцеле II и III степени, взятых при оперативном лечении у подростков 11–17 лет.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> При сравнительном анализе ультраструктурных изменений семенных вен выявлено, что в 86% биоптатов I группы и в 100% биоптатов II группы встречаются признаки деструкции эндотелиоцитов различной степени выраженности. Электронная микроскопия позволила оценить мышечный компонент тестикулярных вен при варикоцеле, а также строение соединительно-тканного компонента венозной стенки, исходя из анатомо-функциональной парадигмы соединительной ткани, как основного «кирпичика» строения органов и систем.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> У детей с варикоцеле выявлены ультраструктурные изменения стенок тестикулярных вен, свидетельствующие о врождённой мальформации сосудистой стенки и сопровождающей её эндотелиальной дисфункции. Складчатость сосудистой стенки с формированием углублений и карманов, разрыхление и разволокнение соединительной ткани, деструкция и отслойка эндотелия встречаются с одинаковой частотой у мальчиков и подростков с варикоцеле II и III степени.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>varicocele</kwd><kwd>spermatic veins</kwd><kwd>electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>adolescents</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>варикоцеле</kwd><kwd>семенные вены</kwd><kwd>электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>подростки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Razumovsky AY, Menovshchikova LB, Kovarsky SL, et al. Varicocele in children and adolescents. Clinical recommendations of the Russian Federation 2013–2017 (Russia). Russian Association of Paediatric Surgeons; 2016. 34 р. 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