For the time present, the cochlear implantation is a widely used method of the treatment of deafness and severe hearing impairment. The operation is time-consuming and requires a long stay of the child in the hospital. The placement of the cochlear implant (CI) is executed under general anesthesia through transosseous access. The executive work of the surgical and anesthetic teams is an integral part of the successful implementation of intraoperative CI testing, on the base of results of which, in the postoperative period, there will be carried out the initial adjustment of the speech processor. An anesthesiologist should create conditions that facilitate the use of nerve stimulators in the intraoperative period and in a timely manner prevent such common postoperative complications as nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. This article provides a review of the literature of domestic and foreign authors on the issues arising in anesthesiologists during the implementation of cochlear implantations and the ways of their solutions. It is considered what difficulties can arise during the installation and initial adjustment of CI, as well as what anesthesia complications are most frequent in operations of this type. After studying the results of the work of different authors, the initial adjustment of the CI in the anesthetic management under the control of BIS and TOF monitoring was concluded to be performed at a higher level, and the timely and targeted administration of various drugs, at certain stages of anesthesia, contributed to the decline of the complications rate in the postoperative period.