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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Детская хирургия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9510</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0677</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">802</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ps802</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Esophageal perforation in premature newborns</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перфорации пищевода у недоношенных детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5884-9128</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4224-5532</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karavaeva</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Караваева</surname><given-names>Светлана Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф.</p></bio><email>swetl.karawaewa2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-7171</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5334-8594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotin</surname><given-names>Alexey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котин</surname><given-names>Алексей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assoc. Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц.</p></bio><email>alexey.kotin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1141-8088</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8248-1832</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volert</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волерт</surname><given-names>Татьяна Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assoc. Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц.</p></bio><email>volertt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-6771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornilova</surname><given-names>Anna B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнилова</surname><given-names>Анна Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ankornilova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0779-5920</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3552-7244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gopienko</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гопиенко</surname><given-names>Михаил Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gopienkoma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4742-864X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>Alexander N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>adm@odkb53.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children's City Multidisciplinary Clinical Specialized Center of High Medical Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детский городской многопрофильный клинический специализированный центр высоких медицинских технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Childrens’ Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Областная детская клиническая больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-10-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>452</fpage><lpage>459</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-15"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-09-24"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Karavaeva S.A., Kotin A.N., Volert T.A., Kornilova A.B., Gopienko M.A., Volkov A.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Караваева С.А., Котин А.Н., Волерт Т.А., Корнилова А.Б., Гопиенко М.А., Волков А.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karavaeva S.A., Kotin A.N., Volert T.A., Kornilova A.B., Gopienko M.A., Volkov A.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Караваева С.А., Котин А.Н., Волерт Т.А., Корнилова А.Б., Гопиенко М.А., Волков А.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-11-11"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/802">https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/802</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Esophageal perforation is a rare entity in newborns. This condition is most common in premature babies with very low and extremely low birth weight. The major cause of such pathology is considered to be iatrogenic trauma of either pharynx or esophagus, their soft tissues being delicate and tender enough to produce delamination and perforation of their wall. As a rule, this occurs as a complication of either a difficult tracheal intubation soon after birth or during some troubles with oro- or nasogastric tube insertion.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To analyze our experience of revealing and treatment of esophageal perforation in preterm babies, and to demonstrate conservative approach as a possible as well as reasonable option in such cases.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>A retrospective study of neonatal esophageal perforation cases was performed, including newborns without any congenital esophageal malformations or previous surgical procedures. During 2017–2022 9 newborns with esophageal perforation were treated at neonatal intensive care unit and neonatal departments of Childrens’ City Multidisciplinary Clinical Specialized Center of High Medical Technologies of Saint Petersburg. All of them were premature, 2 having very low, and 7 having extremely low birth weight. The incidence of that condition appeared to be 1:1320 live births.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> 8 patients were treated conservatively. This included adjustment of artificial lung ventilation, pain control, antibiotics, cancellation of gastric enteral feeding and administration of total parenteral nutrition. Babies with hydrothorax, pneumothorax or ascites underwent thoraco- or laparocentesis. 2 patients died, both being born at 23th week of gestation. In both cases death occurred from polyorganic insufficiency. The mortality rate appeared to be 22%.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> In most cases the esophageal perforation in premature babies can be treated conservatively, the efficacy of such treatment being largely dependent on early diagnosis of this complication. An important key-point in it is a radiologic control of gastric tube location.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Перфорация пищевода у новорождённых встречается редко. Эта патология характерна для недоношенных детей с очень низкой и экстремально низкой массой тела. Главным этиологическим фактором и причиной, определяющей патогенез этого состояния, является травма пищевода или глотки, нежность и податливость тканей которых приводит к расслоению и перфорации их стенки. Как правило, это осложнение является следствием сложной интубации ребёнка сразу после рождения или происходит из-за проблем, возникающих при введении зонда в желудок.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Проанализировать собственный опыт выявления и лечения перфорации пищевода у недоношенных, продемонстрировать возможность и целесообразность консервативного ведения пациентов.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведено ретроспективное исследование случаев перфорации пищевода у недоношенных в периоде новорождённости, не имевших изначально какой-либо аномалии пищевода и ранее не оперированных. С 2017 по 2022 год в отделениях реанимации и патологии новорождённых Детского городского многопрофильного клинического специализированного центра высоких медицинских технологий Санкт-Петербурга находились на лечении 9 недоношенных детей с перфорацией пищевода: 2 ребёнка имели очень низкую, 7 — экстремально низкую массу тела. Частота патологии составила 1:1320 живорождённых недоношенных детей.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Восьмерым пациентам было проведено консервативное лечение. Оно включало подбор режима искусственной вентиляции лёгких, обезболивание, усиление антибактериальной терапии, отмену энтерального кормления в желудок, перевод ребёнка на полное парентеральное питание. Детям с гидротораксом, пневмотораксом или асцитом дренировали плевральную или брюшную полость. Погибли 2 ребёнка, родившиеся на 23-й нед. гестации. Смерть наступила на 3-й нед. жизни от полиорганной недостаточности. Летальность составила 22%.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В большинстве случаев перфорации пищевода у недоношенных поддаются консервативному лечению, успех которого во многом зависит от ранней диагностики данного осложнения. При этом важным условием является рентгенологический контроль положения желудочного зонда.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>premature child</kwd><kwd>esophageal perforation</kwd><kwd>conservative treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>недоношенный ребёнок</kwd><kwd>перфорация пищевода</kwd><kwd>консервативная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mollitt DL, Schullinger JN, Santulli TV. Selective management of iatrogenic esophageal perforation in the newborn. J Pediatr. Surg. 1981;16(6):989–993. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(81)80861-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mollitt D.L., Schullinger J.N., Santulli T.V. Selective management of iatrogenic esophageal perforation in the newborn // J Pediatr Surg. 1981. Vol. 16, N 6. 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