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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Детская хирургия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9510</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0677</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">837</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ps837</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Differential diagnostics of pilonidal cysts</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>К вопросу о дифференциальной диагностике пилонидальных кист</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6620-6758</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvonkov</surname><given-names>Denis A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Звонков</surname><given-names>Денис Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>denis.zvonkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5821-7059</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7825-8561</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>Natalya M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Наталия Маратовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assoc. Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц.</p></bio><email>dm.stepanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-6691</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5633-5491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novozhilov</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новожилов</surname><given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф.</p></bio><email>novozilov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7516-7753</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8002-4206</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharapov</surname><given-names>Ivan S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарапов</surname><given-names>Иван Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>Sharap_baykal89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3108-8112</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3644-6933</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stupina</surname><given-names>Marina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ступина</surname><given-names>Марина Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marina.stupina.98@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6813-6051</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naryshkina</surname><given-names>Julia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нарышкина</surname><given-names>Юлия Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yulia.na01@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6920</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3066-3232</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ludwig</surname><given-names>Margarita N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Людвиг</surname><given-names>Маргарита Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>margarita200103@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk Municipal Pediatric Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская Ивано-Матрёнинская детская клиническая больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-12-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>594</fpage><lpage>601</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-07"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-12"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Zvonkov D.A., Stepanova N.M., Novozhilov V.A., Sharapov I.S., Stupina M.I., Naryshkina J.A., Ludwig M.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Звонков Д.А., Степанова Н.М., Новожилов В.А., Шарапов И.С., Ступина М.И., Нарышкина Ю.А., Людвиг М.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zvonkov D.A., Stepanova N.M., Novozhilov V.A., Sharapov I.S., Stupina M.I., Naryshkina J.A., Ludwig M.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Звонков Д.А., Степанова Н.М., Новожилов В.А., Шарапов И.С., Ступина М.И., Нарышкина Ю.А., Людвиг М.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-12-19"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/837">https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/837</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pilonidal cyst (pilonidal disease, epithelial-coccygeal course, epithelial-coccygeal cyst) is a disease common among adolescents, usually asymptomatic and detected during a preventive examination. As a rule, diagnosis does not cause difficulties and is based on examination and ultrasound imaging of the cyst.</p> <p>During examination, fistulous passages are visualized — primary fistulous openings along the median line in the intervertebral fold. Complaints, as a rule, appear after the addition of inflammatory changes, the severity of which can vary from acute abscess formation to a sluggish process. However, under the guise of this pathology, diseases may occur that require a completely different diagnostic and therapeutic approach.</p> <p>The differential diagnostic range includes diseases that can manifest themselves as fistula openings, bulky formations, pain and inflammation in the sacrococcygeal region. These include acute and chronic paraproctitis, rectal fistulas, osteomyelitis of the sacrum and coccyx, presacral (caudal) volumetric formations (teratomas, epidermal cysts, dermoid), diseases from the group of latent spinal dysraphism. Errors in diagnosis and, as a result, incorrect patient management tactics lead to serious consequences, therefore, if there are doubts about the diagnosis, the examination should be supplemented by magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Пилонидальная киста (пилонидальная болезнь, эпителиально-копчиковый ход, эпителиально-копчиковая киста) — заболевание, распространённое среди подростков, обычно протекающее бессимптомно и выявляемое во время профилактического осмотра.</p> <p>Как правило постановка диагноза не вызывает затруднений и базируется на осмотре и ультразвуковой визуализации кисты. При осмотре визуализируются свищевые ходы — первичные свищевые отверстия по срединной линии в межъягодичной складке. Жалобы, как правило, появляются после присоединения воспалительных изменений, степень выраженности которых может варьировать от острого абсцедирования до вялотекущего процесса. Однако под маской данной патологии могут протекать заболевания, требующие совершено иного диагностического и лечебного подхода.</p> <p>Дифференциально-диагностический ряд включает заболевания, которые могут проявляться свищевыми отверстиями, объёмными образованиями, болью и воспалением в крестцово-копчиковой области. К ним относятся острый и хронический парапроктит, свищи прямой кишки, остеомиелит крестца и копчика, пресакральные (каудальные) объёмные образования (тератомы, эпидермальные кисты, дермоид), заболевания из группы скрытого спинального дизрафизма. Ошибки в диагностике и, как следствие, неверная тактика ведения пациентов приводят к тяжёлым последствиям, поэтому при наличии сомнений в диагнозе обследование должно быть дополнено магнитно-резонансной томографией пояснично-крестцового отдела позвоночника.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pilonidal cyst</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd><kwd>epithelial-coccygeal passage</kwd><kwd>epithelial-coccygeal cyst</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пилонидальная киста</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd><kwd>эпителиально-копчиковый ход</kwd><kwd>эпителиально-копчиковая киста</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harris C, Sibbald RG, Mufti A, Somayaji R. Pilonidal sinus disease: 10 Steps to optimize care. 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