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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Детская хирургия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9510</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0677</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">857</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ps857</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">OSJRTS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Assessment of acute systemic and subacute toxicity of a new alloy based on titanium nickelide with the addition of silver to replace bone defects in children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка острой системной и подострой токсичности нового сплава на основе никелида титана с добавлением серебра для замещения костных дефектов у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-9417</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5566-7120</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrinskaya</surname><given-names>Maria N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добринская</surname><given-names>Мария Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>maria-nd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3157-4579</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5368-0964</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordienko</surname><given-names>Ivan I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордиенко</surname><given-names>Иван Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>ivan-gordienko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3069-8150</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2636-7796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutepov</surname><given-names>Sergey M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутепов</surname><given-names>Сергей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН</p></bio><email>usma@usma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7826-9657</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4738-3269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Izmozherova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Изможерова</surname><given-names>Надежда Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>nadezhda_izm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4615-5270</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7116-2901</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>Екатерина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р физ.-мат. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>89138641814@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-2505</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3373-5248</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antropova</surname><given-names>Irina P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антропова</surname><given-names>Ирина Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук</p></bio><email>aip.hemolab@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4921-7222</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4391-5873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polushina</surname><given-names>Larisa G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полушина</surname><given-names>Лариса Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>polushina-larisa@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1437-3212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Larionov</surname><given-names>Leonid P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларионов</surname><given-names>Леонид Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>leonid-larionov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9050-3629</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7466-8731</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsap</surname><given-names>Natalya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цап</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>tsapna-ekat@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0129-1244</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2453-9105</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyii</surname><given-names>Stepan P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чёрный</surname><given-names>Степан Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>stechernyy@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Tomsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>166</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-28"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-08-01"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/857">https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/857</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background:</bold> Currently, restoration of bone tissue damaged in injuries and surgical interventions remains an urgent problem in medicine. Combination of titanium nickelide with added silver seems a promising one in terms of decreasing the inflammatory process, speedy regeneration and restoration of damaged bone tissue function.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold> To find out levels of possible acute systemic and subacute toxicity of the innovative titanium nickelide alloy with silver in an experiment on laboratory animals.</p> <p><bold>Methods:</bold> The study of acute systemic toxicity was carried out in white outbred mice (17–23 g). Acute systemic toxicity was studied in white outbred mice (17–23 g). Supernatant liquid of titanium nickelide alloy powder with water-based 0.5% silver was injected into the tail vein (<italic>n</italic>=10), non water-based ― intraperitoneally (<italic>n</italic>=10), in volume of 50 ml/kg. In the control group (<italic>n</italic>=10), the same substance was used , but without silver. To identify the subacute toxicity, studied samples were sewn into the thigh muscles of Wistar rats (250–320 g): three experimental groups (<italic>n</italic>=10) ― titanium nickelide with 0.3% silver, 0.5% silver and 0% silver. The fourth group (<italic>n</italic>=10) ― controls (wound modeling without powder injection). After 28 days, the animals were removed from the experiment, and hematological and biochemical blood tests were performed.</p> <p><bold>Results:</bold> No animal deaths or adverse clinical signs were recorded following the acute systemic toxicity test. The number of erythrocytes in the blood of experimental animals after intramuscular administration of titanium nickelide with 0.5% silver was significantly higher than in the control rats, but remaining within the normal limits for this indicator. A moderate decrease in platelet levels in the animals treated with titanium nickelide and 0.3% silver may be explained by anti-inflammatory activity of the sample. Urea concentration in the blood of animals after sewn-in titanium nickelide with 0.5% silver was significantly lower than in control animals (<italic>p</italic>=0.019), which may be due to increased silver concentration in the alloy; however, it requires further research.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> New materials based on titanium nickelide with added silver do not have acute systemic or subacute toxicity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> В настоящее время актуальной проблемой в медицине остаётся восстановление костной ткани, повреждённой в результате травм и оперативных вмешательств. Сочетание никелида титана с серебром представляется перспективным в отношении снижения активности воспалительного процесса, скорейшей регенерации и восстановления функции повреждённой костной ткани.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> ― определить возможную острую системную и подострую токсичность инновационного сплава никелида титана с серебром в эксперименте на лабораторных животных.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Исследование острой системной токсичности проводили на белых беспородных мышах массой 17–23 г (<italic>n</italic>=20). Надосадочную жидкость порошка сплава никелида титана с добавлением 0,5% серебра на водной основе вводили в хвостовую вену (<italic>n</italic>=10), на неводной основе ― внутрибрюшинно (<italic>n</italic>=10) в объёме 50 мл/кг. В группе контроля (<italic>n</italic>=10) использовали соответствующую среду без добавления серебра. Для выявления подострой токсичности в трёх опытных группах крыс линии Wistar массой 250–320 г (<italic>n</italic>=30, по 10 особей в каждой) подшивали образцы никелида титана с 0,3%, 0,5% и 0% серебра в мышцы бедра. Четвёртая группа (контрольная, <italic>n</italic>=10) ― моделирование раны без введения порошка. Через 28 дней животных выводили из эксперимента, проводили гематологические и биохимические исследования крови.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> При оценке состояния лабораторных животных на момент проведения теста по определению острой системной токсичности гибели животных и неблагоприятных клинических признаков не зарегистрировано. Количество эритроцитов в крови опытных животных после внутримышечного введения никелида титана с добавлением 0,5% серебра было существенно выше, чем в контрольной группе, оставаясь в пределах нормы для этого показателя. Умеренное снижение уровня тромбоцитов у животных, получавших никелид титана с 0,3% серебра, может быть связано с наличием противовоспалительной активности образца. Концентрация мочевины в крови животных после подшивания никелида титана с 0,5% серебра была существенно ниже, чем у контрольных животных (<italic>p</italic>=0,019), что может быть связано с увеличением концентрации серебра в сплаве и требует дальнейшего изучения.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Новые материалы на основе никелида титана с добавлением серебра не обладают острой системной и подострой токсичностью.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>titanium nickelide</kwd><kwd>silver</kwd><kwd>experimental animals</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>никелид титана</kwd><kwd>серебро</kwd><kwd>экспериментальные животные</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Shamanaeva L, Diachkova E, Petruk P, et al. Titanium nickelide in midface fractures treatment. 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