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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Детская хирургия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9510</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0677</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">898</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ps898</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ZLSMWR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Discussion</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Дискуссии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and anatomical features of the primary acquired cryptorchidism</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-анатомические особенности первичного приобретённого крипторхизма</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6067-5136</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8298-6951</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolotov</surname><given-names>Y. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болотов</surname><given-names>Юрий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>b-y-n@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8405-6022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3113-6982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minaev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минаев</surname><given-names>Сергей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>sminaev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3330-052X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kargaeva</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каргаева</surname><given-names>Диана Маратовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dkar1996@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Stavropol State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, Stavropol</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Краевая детская клиническая больница, Ставрополь</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-01-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Детская хирургия журнал им. Ю.Ф. Исакова</issue-title><fpage>394</fpage><lpage>401</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-24"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026,</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-02-02"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/898">https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/898</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> The primary acquired cryptorchidism has not yet been adequately addressed in Russian scientific works. Theoretically, the testicle should be palpable in the inguinal region and located intraoperatively outside the inguinal canal. Obliteration of the <italic>processus vaginalis</italic> should occur after the testicle descents completely. It is expected that the unobliterated <italic>processus vaginalis</italic> should be significantly less common in patients with acquired cryptorchidism than in boys with a congenital undescended testicle.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To find out clinical and anatomical features of the acquired cryptorchidism in comparison with the congenital undescended testicle.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The enrolled patients were divided into two groups: a studied group and a control one. The studied group included 22 boys, aged 2–11 years (mean age 7.4 years) with the primary acquired cryptorchidism, These patients were identified during a retrospective analysis of 42,749 electronic outpatient records of boys who were screened at children’s city clinics in Stavropol using our previously described and published technique. The control group consisted of 59 patients, aged 1–17 years (mean age 3.5 years), with an undescended testicle diagnosed at birth who were admitted to the department of pediatric surgery No 1 at Stavropol Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital in 2023.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The average age of patients with the primary acquired cryptorchidism was statistically significantly higher (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.01) than in the group of children with the congenital undescended testicle: 7.4±1.2 years versus 3.5±0.5 years. Clinically, the undescended testicle was palpable in the inguinal region in boys with the primary acquired cryptorchidism statistically significantly (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.01) more often than in the control group: 95.5% of cases (21 patients) vs. 47.5% of cases (28 patients). During the revision of the inguinal region, children with the primary acquired cryptorchidism (95.5%, 21 case) had their testicle located outside the inguinal canal significantly (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.01) more often than children with congenital undescended testicle (49.2%, 29 cases). The unobliterated vaginal process of the peritoneum in children of the studied group was seen significantly more often (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.01) (21 patients, 95.5%) than in the control group (10.2%, 6 cases).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The primary acquired cryptorchidism is inguinal ectopia of the testicle in combination with the obliterated vaginal process of the peritoneum.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Первично приобретённый крипторхизм до сих пор не нашёл должного отражения в отечественных научных исследованиях. Теоретически яичко должно пальпироваться в паховой области, а интраоперационно ― располагаться за пределами пахового канала. Облитерация влагалищного отростка (<italic>processus vaginalis</italic>) брюшины должна произойти после завершения процесса опущения яичка. Следует ожидать, что у пациентов с приобретённым крипторхизмом незаращение <italic>processus vaginalis</italic> должно встречаться достоверно реже, чем у мальчиков с врождённым неопустившимся яичком.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> ― определить клинико-анатомические особенности приобретённого крипторхизма в сравнении с врождённым неопущением яичка.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Сформированы две группы пациентов. В основную группу вошли 22 мальчика в возрасте от 2 до 11 лет (средний возраст 7,4 года) с первичным приобретённым крипторхизмом, выявленные нами при ретроспективном анализе 42 749 электронных амбулаторных карт мальчиков, наблюдавшихся в детских городских поликлиниках г. Ставрополя по уже описанной и опубликованной нами методике. Контрольную группу составили все 59 пациентов в возрасте от 1 года до 17 лет (средний возраст 3,5 года) с неопущением яичка, диагностированным с рождения, находившихся в 2023 календарном году на стационарном лечении в детском хирургическом отделении № 1 Краевой детской клинической больницы г. Ставрополя.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Средний возраст пациентов с первичным приобретённым крипторхизмом был статистически значимо больше (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,01), чем в группе детей с врождённым неопущением яичка: 7,4±1,2 против 3,5±0,5 года. Клинически неопущенное яичко пальпировалось в паховой области у мальчиков с первичным приобретённым крипторхизмом статистически значимо чаще (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,01), чем в контрольной группе: 95,5% (<italic>n</italic>=21) против 47,5% (<italic>n</italic>=28). При ревизии паховой области у детей с первичным приобретённым крипторхизмом яичко находилось вне пахового канала статистически значимо чаще (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,01), чем у детей с врождённым неопущением яичка: 95,5% (<italic>n</italic>=21) против 49,2% (<italic>n</italic>=29). Необлитерированный влагалищный отросток брюшины у детей основной группы встречался достоверно чаще (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,01), чем в контрольной группе: у 21 (95,5%) и 6 (10,2%) пациентов соответственно.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Первичный приобретённый крипторхизм представляет собой паховую эктопию яичка в сочетании с зарощением влагалищного отростка брюшины.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>undescended testicle</kwd><kwd>primary acquired cryptorchidism</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неопущения яичка</kwd><kwd>первичный приобретённый крипторхизм</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lamah M, McCaughey ES, Finlay FO, Burge DM. The ascending testis: is late orchidopexy due to failure of screening or late ascent? 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