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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Детская хирургия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9510</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0677</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">904</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ps904</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">SLMDRT</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical characteristics and results of surgical treatment of children with left-sided varicocele</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинические характеристики и результаты оперативного лечения детей с левосторонним варикоцеле</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4636-2336</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9327-0981</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeev</surname><given-names>Andrey D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеев</surname><given-names>Андрей Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>timdoctor131192@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2494-2735</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4885-4209</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pikalo</surname><given-names>Ilya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пикало</surname><given-names>Илья Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>pikalodoc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-423X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6362-6105</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeev</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>dtim71@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-3520</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1153-3175</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mihajlov</surname><given-names>Nikolaj I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>Николай Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>mni.irk@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4424-6794</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomina</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lena.baturina777@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7042-9181</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7129-5541</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharapova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарапова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>smile_katyshkin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2486-2732</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Plenkin</surname><given-names>Ilya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пленкин</surname><given-names>Илья Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>plenkin-ilya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ivano-Matreninskaya City Children Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская Ивано-Матрёнинская детская клиническая больница, Иркутск</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-06-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-06"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-05-22"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026,</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-07-06"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/904">https://jps-nmp.ru/jour/article/view/904</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Varicocele is one of the most common conditions in pediatric urology. Modern approaches to surgical treatment vary, including both traditional surgical techniques and endovascular methods for correction. The question of choosing the optimal method for surgical correction of varicocele in children, including identifying possible causes of recurrence and complications, remains relevant.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To conduct a clinical analysis of patients with left-sided varicocele and evaluate surgical treatment outcomes.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A single-center prospective cohort study of 218 patients diagnosed with left-sided varicocele was conducted at the Urology Department of the Ivano-Matreninskaya Children's Clinical Hospital (Irkutsk) from September 2022 to September 2025. If there were signs of aorto-mesenteric compression of the left renal vein and moderate venous hypertension, laparoscopic ligation of the testicular vessels (a laparoscopic analogue of Palomo-Erokhin surgery ) (66.1%, <italic>n</italic> = 144) or open retroperitoneal ligation of the testicular vessels by Palomo-Erokhin technique (10.5%; <italic>n</italic> = 23) were performed. In other cases, varicocelectomy was performed using the subinguinal approach (23.4%; <italic>n</italic> = 51). For a comparative analysis, patients were stratified into two groups: without disease recurrence (95.9%; <italic>n</italic> = 209) and with its recurrence (4.1%; <italic>n</italic> = 9). In the follow-up period, 30 patients who had ligation of the left testicular vessels and had moderate hypertension of the left renal vein, were thoroughly examination to detect nephropathy.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Patients' median age was 15 (14; 16) years. 47 (21.5%) adolescents complained of pain or discomfort in the left scrotum. Grade 2 and Grade 3 varicoceles were most common, 96.3% (<italic>n</italic> = 210). Also, a statistically significant relationship was established between varicocele degree and age (r = 0.254; t = 3.83; <italic>p</italic> = 0.00017). Signs of left testicular hypotrophy were observed in 36.2% (<italic>n</italic> = 79). In the postoperative period, relapse of the disease was observed in 9 (4.1%) patients. The cause of relapse in 3 (1.38%) cases was a developed additional collateral of the left testicular vein; in 1 (0.46%) case ― May-Thurner syndrome; in 5 (2.3%) patients, a reliable cause of relapse was not identified. It has been found out that body weight deficiency is a statistically significant factor associated with relapse of the disease. So, the risk of varicocele recurrence in adolescents with underweight increases by 3.3 times (OR 3.29; 95% CI 0.8–13.53; <italic>p</italic> = 0.033). Over the entire observation period (up to 38 months), none of the 30 examined patients who underwent testicular vein ligation for moderate hypertension had clinical or laboratory signs of nephropathy (proteinuria, hematuria, or renal dysfunction). This important observation demonstrates the safety of the chosen treatment strategy for children with left-sided varicocele.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The study utilized a differentiated approach to surgical management based on the presence of aortomesenteric compression, which resulted in a low recurrence rate. Weight loss was a statistically significant predictor of recurrence, while the hormonal status and standard ultrasound parameters showed no prognostic value.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> По частоте встречаемости варикоцеле занимает одну из лидирующих позиций среди заболеваний в детской урологии. Современные подходы к хирургическому лечению обладают вариативностью, включая как традиционные хирургические методики, так и эндоваскулярные методы коррекции заболевания. Актуальным остаётся вопрос выбора оптимального метода хирургической коррекции варикоцеле у детей с поиском возможных причин рецидивов и осложнений.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> ― клинический анализ пациентов с левосторонним варикоцеле и оценка результатов хирургического лечения.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> В период с сентября 2022 по сентябрь 2025 года на базе урологического отделения Ивано-Матрёнинской детской клинической больницы проведено одноцентровое проспективное когортное исследование 218 пациентов с левосторонним варикоцеле. При наличии у ребёнка признаков аорто-мезентериальной компрессии левой почечной вены и умеренной венозной гипертензии ему выполняли лапароскопическое лигирование яичковых сосудов ― лапароскопический аналог операции Паломо–Ерохина (66,1%; <italic>n</italic> = 144), либо открытое забрюшинное лигирование яичковых сосудов по методике Паломо–Ерохина (10,5%; <italic>n</italic> = 23). В остальных случаях проводили варикоцелэктомию субингвинальным доступом (23,4%; <italic>n</italic> = 51). Для проведения сравнительного анализа пациентов стратифицировали на 2 группы: без рецидива (95,9%; <italic>n</italic> = 209) и с рецидивом (4,1%; <italic>n</italic> = 9) заболевания. В катамнезе 30 пациентам после лигирования левых яичковых сосудов на фоне умеренной гипертензии левой почечной вены проведено комплексное обследование для выявления нефропатии.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Медианный возраст пациентов составил 15 (14; 16) лет. Жалобы на боли или дискомфорт в левой половине мошонки предъявляли 47 (21,5%) подростков. Превалировали II и III степень варикоцеле (96,3%; <italic>n</italic> = 210). Установлена также статистически значимая взаимосвязь между степенью варикоцеле и возрастом (r = 0,254; t = 3,83; <italic>p</italic> = 0,00017). Признаки гипотрофии левого яичка наблюдались в 36,2% (<italic>n</italic> = 79) случаев. В послеоперационный период рецидив заболевания наблюдался у 9 (4,1%) пациентов. Причиной рецидива в 3 (1,38%) случаях явилось развитие дополнительной коллатерали левой яичковой вены, в 1 (0,46%) ― синдром Мея–Тернера; у 5 (2,3%) пациентов достоверную причину рецидива выявить не удалось. Установлено, что дефицит массы тела является статистически значимым фактором, ассоциированным с рецидивом заболевания. Так, шанс рецидива варикоцеле у подростков с дефицитом массы тела увеличивается в 3,3 раза (ОШ 3,29; 95% ДИ 0,8–13,53; <italic>p</italic> = 0,033). За весь период наблюдения (до 38 месяцев) ни у одного из 30 обследуемых пациентов, перенёсших лигирование яичковой вены по поводу умеренной гипертензии, не зафиксировано клинических или лабораторных признаков нефропатии (протеинурии, гематурии, нарушения функции почек). Это важное наблюдение свидетельствует о безопасности выбранной тактики лечения детей с левосторонним варикоцеле.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В проведённом исследовании применялся дифференцированный подход к хирургической тактике в зависимости от наличия аорто-мезентериальной компрессии, что позволило добиться низкого процента рецидивов заболевания. Статистически значимым предиктором рецидива был дефицит массы тела, тогда как гормональный статус и стандартные ультразвуковые параметры прогностической ценности не показали.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>varicocele</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment</kwd><kwd>recurrence</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>варикоцеле</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение</kwd><kwd>рецидив</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Baranovsky MYu, Kozlov KL, Lukyanov NG, et al. 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