Nonpalpable Testis Syndrome: History and Current State of the Issue. Literature Review.



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Abstract

According to domestic and foreign literature, nonpalpable testes (NPT) are found in 20% of children with cryptorchidism. Approximately 50% of them are located in the abdominal cavity, and 50% are atrophied or vanished testes. The aim of our review is to systematize the scientific literature data on nonpalpable testis syndrome in children. Materials and Methods. The review is composed of original articles found in scientific databases such as eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus. Results and Discussions. In literature, nonpalpable testes are often classified into three types: intra-abdominal, extra-abdominal, and non-viable. Extra-abdominal gonads are more often of normal volume compared to intra-abdominal ones, which are mostly hypoplastic. There are many controversial issues regarding diagnostic methods and treatment strategies for different types of NPT in children. Conclusions. The problem of diagnosing and treating nonpalpable testes in children, especially in cases of high intra-abdominal localization of the gonad, remains highly relevant and requires further scientific research and observations.

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About the authors

Mikhail Nikolaevich Ekimov

Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: malaj777@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1802-6105
Россия

Natalia Aleksandrovna Tsap

Email: tsapna-ekat@rambler.ru

Svetlana Yuryevna Komarova

Email: urokom@yandex.ru

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