Persistent cloaca in the gynecologist's practice (a literature review)



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Abstract

Introduction. Cloacal abnormalities are rare congenital malformations having the most severe and complex forms of anorectal and urogenital malformations. Patients - always females who are born with the persistent cloaca - at the stage of embryogenesis had a merging of lower urethra, vagina and rectum into a single canal or cavity which is opened posterior to the clitoris. The persistent cloaca remains a challenging reconstructive problem for pediatric gynecologists, urologists and surgeons. Doctors must have skills in surgical urology, proctology and in all types of plastic surgery on the vagina and cervix.

Material and methods. Data searches were conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used: “Cloacal abnormalities” and “Persistent cloaca”.

Conclusion. Regardless of a technique, goals for cloaca management remain the same. The primary surgical procedure is aimed to restore normal anatomical positioning of pelvic organs and to form the urethra, vagina and rectum as well as to achieve control over bowel function, urination and reproductive potential of the patient. A surgical correction of persistent cloaca should be performed in specialized medical institutions by specialists having experience in treating children with anorectal anomalies.

About the authors

L. V. Adamyan

A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry

Author for correspondence.
Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3253-4512

Moscow, 127473, Russian Federation

Россия

S. M. Sharkov

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Morozovskaya Children’s City Clinical Hospital

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9563-6815

Moscow, 119048, Russian Federation

Moscow, 119049, Russian Federation

Россия

E. V. Sibirskaya

A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: elsibirskaya@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4540-6341

Elena V. Sibirskaya – MD, Dr. Sc.(med), professor at the chair of reproductive medicine and surgery

Moscow, 127473, Russian Federation

Moscow, 119571, Russian Federation

Россия

L. G. Pivazyan

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6844-3321

Moscow, 119048, Russian Federation

eLibrary SPIN: 3949-2120

Россия

D. S. Avetisyan

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3750-7054

Moscow, 119048, Russian Federation

Россия

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