Diffusion tensor imaging in trauma of the cervical spine in children

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Abstract

Introduction: The technique of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is widely used in brain research. However, in studies of the spinal cord, especially in pediatrics, the use of DTI is difficult: the small size of the spinal cord, which is characterized by a low signal-to-noise ratio, artifacts from respiration and pulsation of the heart and large vessels, and swallowing movements. Also, the EPI sequences used to obtain diffusion indices cause eddy current distortion.

Objective: to investigate changes in the parameters of DTI of the spinal cord in children with cervical spinal cord trauma.

Material and methods: 56 children aged 2 to 17 years with cervical spine injury (CSI) and 20 children who did not have CSI were examined using a Phillips Achieva 3 T magnetic resonance scanner. The protocol consisted of sagittal STIR, sagittal and axial T1- and T2WI SE, and axial DTI. For DTI, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (AD) and radial (RD) diffusion coefficients were calculated.

Results: According to the ASIA criteria for injuries, out of 56 children, 29 (51%) had CSI with neurological complications, and 27 (49%) had no complications. The degree of neurological dysfunction A was in 13 patients, B - 3, C - 9, D - 4, E - 27 patients. The average values of the group of patients with were: ADC=0.74 ± 0.12*10−3 mm2/s−1, FA = 0.36 ± 0.07, BP=1.15 + 0.28*10−3 mm2/s−1, RD=0.52 + 0.32*10−3 mm2/s−1

Conclusion: DTI can detect changes beyond the limits of conventional MRI. Low ADC values in acute injury may indicate spinal cord injury and predict a negative functional outcome. 

About the authors

Dmitriy Dmitrenko

Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST)

Email: dmitrenich@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1260-4509

Tolibdzhon Akhadov

Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST)

Email: akhadov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3235-8854

Semen Meshcheryakov

Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST)

Email: msaemon@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3701-4628

Ilya Melnikov

Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST)

Email: iliamed@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2910-3711

Olga Bozhko

Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST)

Email: bozhko_olga@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4709-9461

Zhanna Semenova

Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST)

Email: jseman@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1610-2672

Maxim Ublinskiy

Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST)

Author for correspondence.
Email: maxublinsk@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4627-9874
Россия

Natalia Semenova

Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST)

Email: nmr-semen@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6641-0668

Andrei Manzhurtsev

Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST)

Email: andrey.man.93@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5022-9952

Maria Akhlebinina

Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST)

Email: akhlebinina.m.i@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9862-3609

Tatyana Kostikova

Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST)

Email: kostikovatd@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9103-9191

Daria Khusainova

Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST)

Email: dsavina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1698-0547

References

  1. Залетина А.В., Виссарионов С.В., Баиндурашвили А.Г., Садовой М.А., Соловьева К.С., Купцова О.А. Структура повреждений позвоночника у детей в регионах Российской Федерации. Хирургия позвоночника. 2017; 14(4): 52-60. doi: 10.14531/SS2017.4.52-60
  2. Ахадов Т.А., Панов В.О., Айхофф У. Травма спинного мозга и позвоночника и ее последствия. In: Магнитно-Резонансная Томография Спинного Мозга и Позвоночника. Москва; 2000:586-633.

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